By Christopher Duffy (Original Publication: 2008)
The Austrians Strike Back: Re-evaluating Maria Theresa’s Army
Introduction: While many histories of the Seven Years' War focus almost exclusively on the Prussian perspective, By Force of Arms serves as a vital counterweight. This is a technical and narrative study of the Austrian army during the reign of Maria Theresa, focusing on the Austrian "revival" and the massive reforms that allowed them to challenge Frederick the Great on equal terms. It is the spiritual companion to Duffy’s work on the Prussians, providing a deep dive into the white-coated regiments of the Habsburg Empire.
The 6mm Connection: For our 6mm project, this book is essential for understanding the sheer density and grit of the Austrian infantry. Duffy’s analysis of the Austrian tactical reliance on massed artillery and the "defensive-offensive" posture informs how I position my 3-gun artillery batteries. Since we represent infantry with 24 Baccus figures, understanding the Austrian transition to the three-rank line and their superior light troop (Grenzer) integration allows me to better reflect their unique "flavour" on the tabletop, particularly when using the map key for Duffy's own battlefield sketches.
Historical Insight: The true "lightbulb moment" in this text is the detailed account of the Austrian artillery reforms under Prince Liechtenstein. We often think of Frederick as the innovator, but Duffy proves that the Austrian guns were technically superior for much of the war. Learning about the mobility of their 3-pounders and the devastating effect of their canister fire has led me to be much more aggressive with my Austrian battery placements in our Black Powder games—they are no longer just static bystanders.
Conclusion: By Force of Arms is an absolute requirement for any wargamer wishing to portray the Austrian side with any degree of accuracy. It transforms them from "the losers" into a sophisticated, professional, and often victorious military force. It rounds out the project by ensuring the Austrian army is painted, based, and commanded with the same historical respect as their Prussian rivals.
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