By Herbert H. Kaplan (Original Publication: 1968)
Diplomacy and the Russian Bear: Russia and the Outbreak of the Seven Years’ War
Introduction: While many histories of the Seven Years' War focus heavily on the tactical genius of Frederick the Great, Herbert H. Kaplan’s study provides a vital shift in perspective. This is a rigorous diplomatic history that explores how Empress Elizabeth’s Russia moved from the periphery of European affairs to become a central, existential threat to the Prussian state. It sets the scene by detailing the intricate web of treaties and the "Diplomatic Revolution" of 1756, illustrating that Russia’s entry into the conflict was a proactive pursuit of regional hegemony rather than a simple reaction to Prussian aggression.
The 6mm Connection: From a wargaming perspective, specifically regarding our Baccus 6mm project, Kaplan’s work is invaluable for establishing the "character" of the Russian army on the tabletop. His analysis of the St. Petersburg court's indecision and the logistical fragility of the Russian supply lines provides the historical backbone for our Black Powder Staff Ratings. When we field a Russian corps, understanding the political uncertainty back in the capital justifies giving commanders like Apraksin a "Hesitant" trait or a lower Staff Rating (SR 6), reflecting the fear of making a move that might displease a dying Empress.
Historical Insight: The "lightbulb moment" in Kaplan’s text is his detailed breakdown of the Konferentsiya (the Russian high command). He reveals how strategic decisions were often made by a committee that was physically distant from the front lines and mired in bureaucratic rivalry. This explains the specific logistical challenges that plagued the Russian war effort; they often won significant tactical victories, such as at Gross-Jägersdorf, only to be forced into a retreat because the administration failed to provide the necessary bread and forage to sustain the momentum.
Conclusion: Kaplan’s volume deserves a spot on any wargamer's shelf because it rounds out the "Eastern" half of the Third Silesian War. It transforms the Russian army from a faceless "horde" into a sophisticated, if cumbersome, political instrument. Understanding the diplomatic stakes—such as the planned annexation of East Prussia—gives our solo scenarios a much deeper sense of purpose and historical weight.
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